Some crimes fall under both categories of tort law. Unlike the civil cases brought for intentional tort, the prosecution for the criminal act does not focus on monetary reimbursement to the victim, but rather protecting the public and punishing the guilty party. If the defendant in the civil lawsuit loses, he may be ordered to pay the injured party monetary damages. An intentional tort which is the subject of criminal prosecution often results in a civil suit between the parties. Many intentional torts are classified as both criminal and civil acts. Fraud – the act of intentionally deceiving a person or entity for the purpose of monetary gain.Business owners can, however, detain people suspected of shoplifting. According to the law, a citizen is not allowed to restrict the movement of another person without his consent. False Imprisonment – act of holding someone against their will without legal authority.Intentional Emotional Distress – the act of causing mental anguish to another person through outrageous conduct, injury, or other harm.Assault is carried out by threat of causing bodily harm, together with the victim’s perception that the aggressor has the ability to cause harm. Assault – an intentional act creating in another person apprehension or fear of being harmed.The word comes from the term “to batter” and it covers an array of activities including firing a gun at someone or using the hands to cause harm to another person. Battery – the illegal act of harmful or offensive contact with another person’s body.Trespassing – the act of using or occupying another person’s real property without permission.This is also known as “stealing” in many jurisdictions. Conversion – the act of someone taking another person’s property and converting it to his own use.There are many types of intentional tort with the most common being: The judge rules that, even though Bob did not intend to break Rick’s nose, he did intend to hit him and he had the knowledge that hitting another person could cause injury. Rick sues Bob for medical expenses related to the injury and wins the suit. Bob feels guilty because, even though he was mad and intended to hit Rick, he did not intend to break his nose. Bob and Rick get into an argument and Bob punches Rick in the face, breaking his nose. If John had not kicked Adam, the “actual cause” of the injury would not have occurred. This constitutes intentional tort since John “intended” to kick Adam knowing the “act” could cause harm. John does not know that Adam suffers a disability, but he does know that kicking someone will cause discomfort. A child named John kicks Adam during recess at school and the kick causes significant damage as Adam already suffers from a disability.
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